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Der Erfolg ‚postfaktischer‘ Politik macht uns schmerzlich bewusst, dass auch noch die fantastischste Verschwörungstheorie ihre Anhänger findet. Wie können vernunftbegabte Wesen so viel Unsinn glauben? Ein Blick in die Geschichte, insbesondere auf das skeptische Denken, kann helfen, das Problem der Postfaktizität philosophisch einzuordnen.
This essay explores Iris Murdoch’s unique image-based moral-philosophical methodology. Drawing on Murdoch’s early, middle, and late work, it illustrates how her early writings on metaphor and philosophical images foreshadows her later pluralist pictorial metaphysics. With this pictorial metaphysics – her wide-ranging collection of philosophical, religious or artistic images – Murdoch aims to provide us with the representations to guide and illuminate the moral life, serving as open sources for the continuous processes of moral orientation and interpretation.
Rapid developments are taking place in the field of neuroscience. As a result, ethical questions are increasingly being taken up in the field of brain research: Is there freedom of will? Are human beings free in their actions, or are their actions determined? In the following, the question of moral responsibility in criminals as well as the question of free will underlying this question are examined from an Islamic perspective[1] in an interdisciplinary manner.